Nano-emulsified cannabinoid or oils in athletic tape and other products

ABSTRACT

A nanoemulsion tape includes an adhesion layer including a nanoemulsion and at least one non-adhesion layer. The nanoemulsion includes at least one oil, at least one oil base surfactant, at least one water base surfactant, water, and either an isolate or distillate. The isolate and the distillate include at least one of a CBD, a THC and a cannabinoid based oil. The nanoemulsion tape may further include a co-surfactant within the nanoemulsion. Further, a method for making the nanoemulsion tape and a method of using the nanoemulsion tape are disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. 62/770,354 filed on Nov. 21.2018, U.S. 62/793,685 filed on Jan. 17, 2019 U.S. 62/840,014 filed onApr. 29, 2019 and 62/938,664 filed on Nov. 21, 2019, which areincorporated by reference as if fully set forth.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to the process of nanoemulsification anddried nanoemulsions of a variety of different compounds in order to addthe nanoemulsified compound to a variety of different products such asathletic tape.

BACKGROUND

Cannabis contains more than 460 compounds including the class,cannabinoids. Over 100 different cannabinoids have been isolated fromcannabis.

The human body contains two known cannabinoid receptors, CannabinoidReceptor 1 (CB1) and Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2). Cannabinoids havemany therapeutic effects on humans including anti-inflammatory,neuroprotective, antispastic, analgesic and antiemetic.

Cannabinoids are nearly insoluble in water; however they are soluble inlipids and alcohols. Due to their poor water solubility, cannabinoidshave a compromised bioavailability and a delayed therapeutic action whenreceived via a topical or oral administration.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment of the present invention is a process forcreating a cannabinoid nanoemulsion. The cannabinoid is dissolved in atleast one solubilizing carrier oil to create an oil phase and water andone or more surfactants are combined with the oil phase. This mixture issubjected to a very intense high shear homogenization process which isachieved through the use of rotor stator mixers, high pressurehomogenizers and/or high frequency ultra sound. The resultingnanoemulsion is then combined with the adhesion layer of an athletictape.

According to the embodiments, the nanoemulsion allows for enhanced skinpermeation that creates fast and complete absorption by the body.Further, unlike unprocessed cannabinoids or other water insolublecompounds, the claimed nanoemulsion is water compatible and may beeasily mixed into water and other beverages. Additionally, due to theprocess of creating the nanoemulsion, and its resulting particle size,the nanoemulsion may be introduced to the user either orally,transdermally, or through another means suitable for transferring thenanoemulsion into the body. Finally, the claimed nanoemulsion may offeruser an all-natural, non-toxic option to pain relief in a multitude ofdifferent products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process used to create the nanoemulsiontape.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a nanoemulsion tape.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method for using the nanoemulsion tape.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

One embodiment of an ideal nanoemulsion involves the use of a highhydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) primary surfactant as an emulsifiersuch as a polysorbate or a polyglycerol coupled with a Low HLB valueco-surfactant such as a phospholipid. Nanoemulsions contain lipidparticles which are >200 nanometer in size and are comprised of acontinuous aqueous phase and a dispersed oil phase. In one preferredembodiment of a cannabinoid nanoemulsion the aqueous phase compriseswater and a high HLB value amphiphilic surfactant, with a dispersed oilphase, where the oil phase comprises at least one low HLB valueamphiphilic surfactant such as a phospholipid and the desiredcannabinoid(s) and at least one solubilizing lipid. Nanoemulsions areknown to have certain advantageous properties, such as high interfacialsurface area, and long-term kinetic stability.

Nanoemulsions may be included in a variety of products including but notlimited to athletic or transdermal patches, cosmetics, creams and facialmasks. Additionally, nanoemulsions may be included in oral products suchas supplements, beverages, and beverage additives such as creamers andvitamin shots, proteins as well as edible products such as candies,gummies, fruit snacks, other snack foods and other processed foods.Further nanoemulsions have multiple pharmaceutical applications and areused in drug creations including intravenous applications such asvaccines. Nanoemulsions may also be added to animal chewable foods,treats, and snacks. The small size of a nanoemulsion, when added to oralproducts, frequently allows for greater amounts of the product to beabsorbed directly into the bloodstream.

Nanoemulsions may also be included in hair products such as shampoos,conditioners, hair dyes and sprays for both humans and animals. Further,nanoemulsions may be added to body washes, soaps, fragrances and bodymists. Further, nanoemulsions may be added not only to hair dyes, butskin dyes and inks of a permanent and semi-permanent nature, as well astattoo care products or first aid products such as bandages, ointments,creams and sprays. Bandages may also include liquid bandages.

A nanoemulsion may be utilized in the traditional manner as a liquid butmay also find applications as a freeze or spray-dried powder. This endproduct may be lighter in weight and may be more resistant to biodegradation allowing it to be applied to dry formulas such as wheyproteins, instant coffees, or teas.

Nanoemulsions may be added to single use and reusable bandages. Thesmall size of the nanoemulsion, when added to bandages, allows forgreater amounts of the product to be absorbed into the body via a transfollicular pathway. Transdermal patches are commonly used and configuredto deliver medicine to the wearer via the skin and bloodstream. Aspecific dose of medication may be added to an adhesive patch and placedon the skin and absorbed into the body. Transdermal patches areadvantageous over other forms of drug delivery, such as oral, topical orintravenous, in that they may provide a controlled release of themedication. However, a known disadvantage of transdermal patches is thatthe skin is a barrier and the deliverable substance must have a uniqueshape and size to be able to pass through the skin and be absorbed bythe body.

Another dermal skin patch that may be used in pain relief is athletictape which may be also known as kinesiology tape, or kinesio tape.Athletic tapes are commonly used and configured to treat soft tissueinjuries including strains, sprains, swollen muscles, contusions, tendonor ligament injuries or stress injuries. These and other soft tissueinjuries may leave the person with pain, swelling, inflammation,stiffness, limited range of motion, and other negative side effects. Theuse of athletic tape may provide support and relief to such injuries byaiding in the healing process and reducing the risk of future injury.These tapes may be used while a soft-tissue injury is healing and theinjured person continues to participate in activities that couldaggravate the healing tissue. Further, these tapes are known to have theability to increase lymphatic flow, which may also help heal soft-tissueinjuries. Additionally, athletic tapes may be used to prevent an initialinjury altogether.

While the disclosure relates to all athletic or body tapes, one specificathletic tape disclosed may be kinesiology tape. Kinesiology tape isdesigned to lift or pull skin away from the muscles or underlying softtissue. This separation allows for increased circulation of blood andlymphatic fluids. Additionally, the separation allows for decompressionof inflamed pain receptors, which allows the user to feel relief fromthe injury.

The use of kinesiology tape, or kinesio tape, may be designed to providethe user with a variety of options for a wide range of injuries.Kinesiology tape may be placed in a range of locations and patterns onthe body in order to address specific injuries or benefits the user islooking to achieve. Kinesiology tape may be designed to be extremelyflexible and elastic which may allow the user to maintain their fullrange of motion. Kinesiology tapes may be left on the user from hours todays, and may be designed to repel water and sweat.

The kinesiology tape of the present disclosure may enable a topical drugtreatment. In some embodiments, the tape may allow transdermal deliveryof a drug via one or more surfaces of the tape. The drug may be aprescription or non-prescription drug that is useful in the treatment ofsoft tissue injuries. Specifically, in some examples the drugincorporated may be a cannabinoid including but not limited totetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) or whole or broad spectrumcannabis oil. The cannabinoids may be adapted for topical administrationto decrease pain, swelling, inflammation or other side effects of a softtissue injury.

FIG. 1 demonstrates the process for achieving a CBD nanoemulsion tape,flowchart 100. First, as shown in step 101, either an isolate or adistillate is combined with an oil to create an oil mixture. Theingredients of step 101 are heated while being mixed. The isolate or thedistillate may be CBD, a cannabis oil or THC. Additionally, any type ofcannabinoid may be used. Different cannabinoids may be selected based onthe effects desired to be achieved. The amount of cannabinoid selectedis dependent on a multitude of factors. The cannabinoid concentration ofthe final mixture may range from 0.01% to 50%. The cannabinoidconcentration is preferably 5% to 10%. More preferably 7.5% to 10%, with7.5% being the most preferred amount. Various oils may be suitablesolvents for mixing with the isolate or distillate. Preferably a foodgrade medium to long chain vegetable based carboxylic acid triglyceridewould be the oil chosen.

In step 103 the oil mixture created in step 101 is mixed with an oilbase surfactant to create an oil phase. Nanoemulsions may be stabilizedby amphiphilic molecules called surfactants which prevent dropletaggregation and reduce interfacial tension. Common surfactants utilizedin nanoemulsions are Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80 (Polyoxyethlene sorbitanmonolaurate), Span 20, 40, 60 and 80 (Sorbitan monolaurate), SolutolHS-15 (polyoxyethylene-660-hydroxystearate), Dermofeel G-10L(Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate). Other common surfactants include sodiumdodecyl sulfate, sodium laurel sulfate, poloxamers, polysaccharides(e.g., gums, starch derivatives), and PEG containing block copolymers.Amphiphilic fats like lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) and otherphospholipids, as well as amphiphilic proteins like casein and wheyprotein (β-lactoglobulin) are commonly utilized as well. In addition tothe list provided, co-surfactants are may also be used in strengtheningthe interfacial film. Commonly used co-surfactants may include propyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol, ethanol, glycerin, and propanol. Applicanthas found that not all surfactants provide the same effects when mixedwith cannabinoids therefore it is advantageous that one of the abovesurfactants is used to create the nanoemulsion. For example, the use ofcertain oils with certain surfactants may lead to poor optimization ofeither the oil or surfactant. Thus leading to a nanoemulsion which isless stable or not as water-compatible as the claimed nanoemulsion. Whenany nano-sized droplet may be achieved, it is preferred that the dropletsize is in a range from 40 to 150 nm. More preferably the droplet sizeis in a range from 60 nm to 100 nm.

The oil phase may be up to 60% of the final mixture. More preferably theoil phase is between 3% and 60% of the final mixture. Most preferablythe oil phase may be 50% of the final mixture. One oil or a selection ofdifferent oils may be chosen and combined to create the final oilamount. If multiple oils are selected they may each make up the samefinal amount of the formula. For instance, if three oils are selectedthey may each make up 3% of the final formula so that the final formulais 9% oil. However, if multiple oils are selected the oils may each be adifferent percentage of the final formula. For example oil 1 may be 5%,oil 2 is 7% and oil 3 is 3%. Thus, the total percentage of the oilswould be 15% of the final formula. Further, the percentages of theingredients used may either be whole numbers such as 5%, but may also benon-whole number such as 5.4%.

Next, in step 105, water and at least one water base surfactant aremixed together to create a water phase. The ingredients used in step 105are mixed separately from the oil phase created in step 103. The amountof water added should make up between 0% and 97% of the total mixture.Then, in step 107, the water phase and the oil phase are mixed into acombined mixture.

In an exemplary embodiment, the oil phase and water phase from step 107are sonicated to create the combined mixture. The exposure of the oilphase and water phase to high-intensity ultrasound generates acousticcavitation. Acoustic cavitation produces violent asymmetrical implodingvacuum bubbles that form tiny droplets. The intensity of the acousticcavitation is proportional to the displacement amplitude of theultrasonic horn. However, the relationship between the ultrasonicamplitude and the droplets size is not linear. Multiple types ofhomogenizers may be used to create the pre-mix for the nanoemulsion. Forexample, a homogenizer, a high-pressure homogenizer or a high-pressurevalve homogenizer or a sonicator system could be used.

In another exemplary embodiment, the oil phase and water phase from step107 are homogenized to create the combined mixture. The oil phase andwater phase are exposed to constant pressure. The pressure is selectedbased on multiple factors regarding the output nanoemulsion includingbut not limited to the particle size reduction, encapsulation andde-agglomeration. The selected pressure may be as low as 3.4 MPa/500 psito 275 MPa/40,000 psi. The two phases may be passed through a number ofdifferent chambers. A chamber may be selected based on multiple factorsincluding the type of emulsion, size, application and shear. The phasesmay be passed through the homogenizer once or multiple times.Additionally, the phases may be pre-heated, pre-cooled, or have notemperature change prior to the phases being passed through thehomogenizer.

The combined mixture from step 107 is then sonicated, step 109. Theexposure of the combined mixture to high-intensity ultrasound maygenerate acoustic cavitation. Acoustic cavitation produces violentasymmetrical imploding vacuum bubbles that form tiny droplets. Theintensity of the acoustic cavitation is proportional to the displacementamplitude of the ultrasonic horn. However, the relationship between theultrasonic amplitude and the droplets size is not linear.

Multiple types of spray driers may be used to create a nano-powder forthe nanoemulsion. For example, a MOBILE MINOR, PRODUCTION MINOR,VERSATILE-SD, FSD, or FSD GRANULATOR system could be used. However, anysystem that could create the required nano-powder may be used. Further,multiple types of atomization may be implemented in the nanoemulsionprocess. For instance, a rotary atomizer, a two-fluid nozzle atomizer, apressure nozzle atomizer or a COMBI-NOZZLE atomizer may be implemented.Preferably an atomization system which outputs a particle size of under200 nm should be used and more preferably under 100 nm. More preferablythe output particle size of 10 to 70 nm should be obtained. Morepreferably the output particle size of 20 to 50 nm should be obtained.However, any nozzle that could create the required nanoemulsion may beused.

Once the nanoemulsion is created, the nanoemulsion is combined with theadhesion of the tape to create a nanoemulsion adhesion, step 111. Thenanoemulsion is substituted volumetrically so that a portion of theadhesion mixture's water content is removed. A specific mg/mlnanoemulsion is selected based on the type of nanoemulsion tape beingmade. A volumetric substitution may occur so that a percentage of theadhesion mixture's normal water content is removed and substituted witha specific weight of the nanoemulsion. This substitution allows for apercentage of the solids content of the nanoemulsion to be accounted forin the nanoemulsion adhesion layer of the nanoemulsion tape.

The solids content may include the surfactants, carrier oils, andcannabinoids mixed to make the nanoemulsion. Based on the substitution,the nanoemulsion adhesion would be heavier than a normal,non-nanoemulsion laden adhesive due to the increased solids content.However, the solids content of the nanoemulsion adhesion may range for40% to 80%. Additionally, the water content may range between 20% and60%. The increased solids content has no effect on the nanoemulsionadhesion's ability to bind to the contact surface. Additionally, whilethe increased solids content may increase the thickness of thenanoemulsion adhesion layer of the nanoemulsion tape, in a preferredembodiment, the thickness of the nanoemulsion adhesion is the same asthe thickness in the non-nanoemulsion laden adhesion.

In an exemplary embodiment of step 111, the nanoemulsion is substitutedvolumetrically so that a portion of the adhesion mixture's water contentis removed. In an exemplary embodiment, a 75 mg/ml nanoemulsion would beused. The volumetric substitution would occur so that 24.25% of theadhesion mixture's normal water content is removed and substituted witha specific weight of the 75 mg/ml nanoemulsion. In this exemplaryembodiment, the specific weight of the 75 mg/ml nanoemulsion would beequivalent to 44.1% of the water content. This substitution may allowfor 45% of the solids content of the nanoemulsion to be accounted for inthe nanoemulsion adhesion layer.

The solids content may include the surfactants, carrier oils, andcannabinoids mixed to make the nanoemulsion. The above describedexemplary embodiment nanoemulsion adhesion may be 7.67% heavier than anormal, non-nanoemulsion laden adhesive due to the increased solidscontent. However, the solids content of the nanoemulsion adhesion mayrange for 40 to 80%. Preferably, the solids content is 61%, but may be anon-whole number such as 61.3%. Additionally, the water content mayrange between 20 and 60%. Preferably, the water content is 39%, but maybe a non-whole number such as 38.7%. The increased solids content hassubstantially no effect on the nanoemulsion adhesion's ability to bindto the contact surface. Additionally, while the increased solids contentmay increase the thickness of the adhesive layer, in a preferredembodiment, the thickness of the nanoemulsion adhesion is the same asthe thickness in the non-nanoemulsion laden adhesive.

Preferably, the nanoemulsion would make up 5-30% of the nanoemulsionadhesion layer. More preferably, the nanoemulsion would be 10% of thenanoemulsion adhesion layer with the other 90% being the adhesionmixture itself. Any type of adhesion mixture may be used. Once theadhesion mixture and the nanoemulsion are mixed together they are placedon a strip and dried using heat so as to form the adhesive layer of thenanoemulsion tape, step 113. Preferably, since the product is to be usedon skin, the adhesion would be strong enough to bind to skin, but not sopowerful that it would harm the user during removal. One advantage ofthe nanoemulsion being combined with the adhesive is that the taperemains smooth and close the skin. Unlike other tapes that are used fordrug delivery systems, the present invention may not be bulky, and mayeasily be worn under tight-fitting athletic clothes and may be lessnoticeable.

The nanoemulsion tape created in flowchart 100 may be any type of tapefor use on both humans and animals. In a preferred embodiment, thenanoemulsion tape may be one of a bandage, an athletic tape, akinesiology tape, a kinesio tape, or an elastic tape. Further, it ispreferred that the nanoemulsion tape is stretchable.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary version of the nanoemulsion tape 200. Thenanoemulsion adhesion layer 202 is shown under the top layer 204 of thenanoemulsion tape. The nanoemulsion adhesion layer 202 is made accordingto flow chart 100 and includes the nanoemulsion. The user may apply thenanoemulsion tape 200 to the injured area of the body which allows fortransdermal absorption of the nanoemulsion into the bloodstream fortherapeutic purposes.

The small size of the nanoemulsion, when added to oral products, such asdissolvable strips, may allow for greater amounts of the product to beabsorbed into the blood stream. Additionally, unlike a chewable orswallowable product, the above nanoemulsion avoids being broken down bythe liver before being absorbed into the blood stream. This may allowfive to ten times the amount of CBD to be absorbed by the body thanthrough traditional, non-nanosized, methods.

FIG. 3, shows a flow chart of the method of using the nanoemulsion tapecreated in FIG. 1. First, in step 301 a soft tissue injury site isidentified. This area may be identified by the user, a doctor, aphysical therapist or the person applying the nanoemulsion tape. Oncethe area is identified, the tape pattern is determined. step 303.Multiple types of patterns may be used depending on both the areaidentified in step 301 and the type of injury. Depending on the pattern,the size and number of nanoemulsion tape strips may vary. For example,in step 303, the nanoemulsion tape may be placed in a straight line, anx-pattern, or a y-pattern. Further, any pattern may be identified andimplemented, and the pattern may create curved shapes such as u-shapesand tear-drop shapes.

Next, in step 305, the amount of stretching to apply to the nanoemulsiontape when applying is identified. Since the tape is elastic in nature,the nanoemulsion is stretched when it is applied to the skin which mayhelp to alleviate the soft tissue injury. Based on the injury and thelocation, the nanoemulsion tape may be stretched a lot to cause the skinto pull away from the muscle, or in the case for example of swelling,the nanoemulsion tape may be not at all stretched. Finally, in step 307,the nanoemulsion tape is applied to the skin using the identifiedpattern and stretching the nanoemulsion tape the correct amount.

The use of the nanoemulsion tape may help to heal and prevent injuries.Nanoemulsion tapes may be used while a soft-tissue injury is healing andthe injured person continues to participate in activities that couldaggravate the healing tissue. Additionally, nanoemulsion tapes have theability to increase lymphatic flow, which may also help heal soft-tissueinjuries. Further, by providing a nanoemulsion to the adhesion layer ofthe nanoemulsion tape, transdermal delivery of a drug via one or moresurfaces may be achieved. Additionally, the use of a cannabinoidincluding but not limited to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol(CBD) or whole or broad spectrum cannabis oil in the nanoemulsion of thenanoemulsion tape may decrease pain, swelling, inflammation or otherside effects of a soft tissue injury. Unlike other tapes that are usedfor drug delivery systems, the present invention may not be bulky, andmay easily be worn under tight-fitting athletic clothes and may be lessnoticeable.

1. A method of making a nanoemulsion tape including: mixing, whileheating, either an isolate or distillate and at least one oil to createan oil mixture; mixing the oil mixture and at least one oil basesurfactant to create an oil phase; mixing at least one water basesurfactant with water to create a water phase; mixing the oil phase andthe water phase to create a combined mixture; sonicating the combinedmixture into a nanoemulsion; mixing the nanoemulsion with an adhesionmixture to create a nanoemulsion adhesion; and mixing the nanoemulsionadhesion to a strip to create the nanoemulsion tape with heat, andwherein the isolate and the distillate is at least one of a CBD, a THCand a cannabinoid based oil.
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe oil phase is between 3% and 60% of the nanoemulsion.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the at least one oil base surfactant is atleast one of Tween 80, Dermofeel G-10L, polysaccharides, and lecithin.4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a co-surfactant is mixedwith the oil mixture and the at least one oil base surfactant to createthe oil phase.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein theco-surfactant is at least one of ethanol and glycerin.
 6. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein when the nanoemulsion is combined with theadhesion mixture, a portion of a water content of the adhesion mixtureis volumetrically substituted with the nanoemulsion to create thenanoemulsion adhesion.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein asolids content of the nanoemulsion adhesion is between 40% and 80%, anda water content of the nanoemulsion adhesion is between 20% and 60%. 8.The method according to claim 1, wherein the nanoemulsion is 5% to 30%of the nanoemulsion adhesion, and the nanoemulsion is more preferably10% of the nanoemulsion adhesion.
 9. The method according to claim 1,wherein the nanoemulsion is under 200 nm, and the nanoemulsion is morepreferably between 50 nm and 100 nm.
 10. The method according to claim1, wherein the nanoemulsion tape is at least one of a bandage, anathletic tape, a kinesiology tape and a kinesio tape.
 11. A nanoemulsiontape comprising: an adhesion layer; a nanoemulsion within the adhesionlayer; and at least one non-adhesion layer, wherein the nanoemulsionincludes at least one oil, at least one oil base surfactant, at leastone water base surfactant, water, and either an isolate or distillate,wherein the isolate and the distillate includes at least one of a CBD, aTHC and a cannabinoid based oil.
 12. The nanoemulsion tape according toclaim 11, wherein the at least one oil base surfactant is at least oneof Tween 80, Dermofeel G-10L, polysaccharides, and lecithin.
 13. Thenanoemulsion tape according to claim 11, wherein the nanoemulsionfurther comprises a co-surfactant.
 14. The nanoemulsion tape accordingto claim 13, wherein the co-surfactant is at least one of ethanol andglycerin.
 15. The nanoemulsion tape according to claim 11, wherein aportion of a water content of the adhesion layer is volumetricallysubstituted with the nanoemulsion to create a nanoemulsion adhesionlayer.
 16. The nanoemulsion tape according to claim 11, wherein a solidscontent of the adhesion layer is between 40% and 80%, and a watercontent of the adhesion layer is between 20% and 60%.
 17. Thenanoemulsion tape according to claim 11, wherein the nanoemulsion is 5%to 30% of the nanoemulsion adhesion, and the nanoemulsion is morepreferably 10% of the nanoemulsion adhesion.
 18. The nanoemulsion tapeaccording to claim 11, wherein the nanoemulsion is under 200 nm, and thenanoemulsion is more preferably between 50 nm and 100 nm.
 19. Thenanoemulsion tape according to claim 11, wherein the nanoemulsion tapeis at least one of a bandage, an athletic tape, a kinesiology tape and akinesio tape.
 20. A method of using the nanoemulsion tape of claim 11,including: identifying a soft tissue injury location; identifying apattern to apply the nanoemulsion tape; determining if the amount ofstretch the nanoemulsion tape should undergo when applying to a user'sskin applying the nanoemulsion tape using the identified pattern and thedetermined amount of stretch; wherein a first end of the nanoemulsiontape is stuck to the user's skin using the nanoemulsion adhesion to thesoft tissue injury location, wherein a second end of the nanoemulsiontape is stuck to the user's skin using the nanoemulsion adhesion to thesoft tissue injury location in the identified pattern, and wherein whilethe nanoemulsion tape is applied an area between the first end and thesecond end is stuck to the user's skin.